Honing tool



Jan; 23,1934. F. M. KERN 1,944,662

110mm TOOL Filed March 9, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 lll-i-lgy 64-W 67 E 0 II I 4 e 1 INVENTOR Fred M herrr.

39 39 lowa jvvm I AT TQRNEYS.

Jan. 23, 1934. F. M. KERN 1,944,662

nonme TOOL Filed March 9, 1931 .2 Sheets-Sheet 2 E 5 Erz INVENTOR Fred M Kern.

ORNEYS.

Patented Jan. 23, 1934 UNITED STATES 1,944,662 HQNING TOOL Fred M. Kern, Detroit, Mich., assignor to Micromatic Hone Corporation, a corporation of Michigan Application March 9, 1931. Serial No. 521,090

15 Claims. (01. 51-1843) My invention relates to cylinder honing tools and particularly to a tool of the full automatic type in which the honing elements may be retained in fixed expanded position.

In the co-pending application of F. J. Jeschke, Serial No. 356,266, filed April 18', 1929, and as,- signed to the assignee of the present invention, an automatically adjustable honing tool is disclosed wherein the engagement between cams and a sleeve retains the honing elements in radially expansible position. When the honing tool is moved upwardly or downwardly a distance suflicient to permit the cam to pass from within the sleeve, the honing elements are collapsed and the possibility of gouging the cylinder wall or damaging the honing element is thereby eliminated.

In practicing my present invention, I eliminate the sleeve, for controlling the position of the cams relative to the tool, and provide cams which are mounted in toggle relation to the honing elements actuating member. I provide an engaging member which operates the cams to and from toggle position, as the honing tool is raised or lowered therethrough. This construction eliminates the wear on the cams and the frictional provide a tool of the above mentioned type in which the honing elements are moved to expansible position automatically by the variation of the length of stroke of the tool relative to a member which is mounted in adjustable relation thereto.

Another object of my invention is to provide cams for a honing tool of the above mentioned type, which-are movable to and from toggle position for controlling the movement of the honing element to either expansible or retracted position.

A further object of my invention is to provide supporting means, for the removable honing elements, that'are mounted in such a manner as to eliminate the necessity of increasing the thickness of the metal of the body portion of the tool or appreciably weakening the structure at the point of connection.

A still further object of my invention is to provide a universal joint in the central spindle of a honing tool of the above described type wherein the biasing means, employed to actuate the honing elements radially of the spindle, is provided below the universal joint.

Numerous other objects and features of novelty of my invention will be either specifically pointed out or will become apparent, when referring, for

a better understanding of my invention, to the following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is an elevational view of a honing tool embodying features of my invention,

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the structure shown in 1 taken along the line 2-2 thereof with the honing elements in collapsed position,

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the structure shown in Fig. 2 taken along the line 33 thereof,

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the structure shown in Fig. 2 taken along the line 4-4 thereof,

Fig. 5 is an enlarged broken view of a portion of the structure shown in Fig. 2,

Fig. 6 is a broken view of the structure shown in Fig. 2 with the honing elements in expanded position.

Fig. 7 is a view, partly in section and partly in elevation of a machine employing my'tool for honing a cylinder, i

Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the structure shown in Fig. 2, taken along the line 8-8 thereof,

Fig. 9 is a sectional view of the structure shown in Fig. 2 taken along the line 99 thereof,

Fig. 10 is a sectional view of the structure shown in Fig. 2 taken along the line 1010 thereof, and

Fig. 11 is a perspective view of a honing element and a carrier therefor which is employed in my honing tool.

Y My honing tool includes a spindle 12, on the lower end of which is connected for universal movement on a cross pin 13, a honing element receiving portion 14. On the upper end of the shaft 12 a collar 15, having arcuate sides, is retained by a cross pin 16, by means of which the tool is secured to a rotatable spindle 1'7 of a drill press or honing machine 18 as shown in Fig. 7. The arouate sides of the collar 15 permits a universal movement of the honing tool with the spindle in a manner well known in the art.

My honing tool may be actuated by a manually supported mechanism, but I prefer to'employ'a drill press or like machine in the manner illustrated, wherein a cylinder block 19, to be honed, is rigidly mounted on a work table 20. The spindle 17 may be rotated by a drive pulley 21 which is actuated by a belt 22 driven by a suitable source of power (not shown). The spindle may be raised and lowered during the honing operation by handle 23, to reciprocate the honing end 24 of the tool axially in the bore 25 of the cylinder. I prefer, however, to have the tool raised and lowered automatically by suitable camming or similar means and to provide the machine with means whereby, after a predetermined number of strokes, the tool is raised from within the cylinder and the honing elements released from expanded position before being entirely withdrawn from the bore 25.

The receiving portion 14 is hollow and provided with a plurality of longitudinally disposed slots 26 at its lower end, wherein the carriers or holders 2'7 register for supporting the honing elements or stones 28. The carriers 27 are free to move readily in the slot, and are retained against relative longitudinal movement by the upper and lower end of the slots. The stones 28 are provided on metal backing plates 29 which extend beyond the end of the carriers 27 to form curved retaining fingers 29 shown more clearly in Fig. 5. The fingers are engaged by suitable spring means 34 and 38 for retaining the stones and the carriers within the slots and at the same time permitting their movement outwardly and inwardly of the receiving portion 14.

Grooves 35 are provided in the outer surface of the portion 14, in continuation of the upper end of the slot 26. Screws 36 are provided in the upper end of the grooves 35 for anchoring the end of a spring 34 which engages a finger 29 extending above the top of the stone. A garter spring 38 is recessed in an annular groove 39, and encompasses the-plurality of retaining fingers 29, extending beyond the bottom portion of the stone. In this manner the stones are retained within the plurality of slots and are free to move radially therein against the bias of the springs 34 and 38.

Pyramidal projections 40 are provided on the inner surface of the holders 27 for the purpose of effecting the expansion of the honing elements 28 radially outward against the cylindrical wall to be honed. The apexes of the pyramidal projection 40 are engaged by a conical wedge 41 provided on the lower end of a plunger 42 which is loosely mounted within the central hollow portion of the receiving portion 14. The holders 27 and the backing plate 29 have been described and claimed in the co-pending application of F. J-

Jeschke, Serial No. 289,370, filed June 30, 1928, which has been assigned to the assignee of the present invention.

The upper end of the retaining portion 14 is reduced to provide a shoulder 31 against which a relatively heavy coil spring 43 abuts when mounted to encompass the reduced upper end of the retaining portion 14. A cross pin 44 extends through longitudinally disposed slots 45 provided in the reduced upper end of the retaining portion 14 and through relatively shorter slots 46,.

provided in the hollow upper portion 47 of the plunger 42. A slidable plug 48 is provided in the hollow portion 47 which closely engages the pin 44 and serves, when moved relative to the plunger, to compress a second spring 49, which is provided between'the plug and the bottom' of the hollowportion 47. The second spring is relatively lighter than the spring 43 and is employed for the purpose of moving the plunger 42 downwardly a predetermined distance relative to the cross pin 44, the movement being limited by the top of the slot 46. The movement of the plunger 42, relative to the cross pin 44, predetermines the amount of radial movement effected to the stones 28 relative to the receiving portion 14. The spring 43 and the ends of the pin 44 are encased by a sleeve 50 which is supported on the honing element receiving portion 14.

A sleeve 52 is slidably mounted on the lower reduced end of the spindle 12 with its bottom end engaging the top of the extending portions'of the cross pin 44. The upper portion of the sleeve 52 abuts against the peripheral shoulders 54 provided on the spindle '12 .and engages the adjustable sleeve 55 which is slidably mounted on an enlarged portion of the spindle and which is retained thereon against rotation by. a set screw 56 The set screw is threaded in the flange portion 57 of the sleeve and is provided with a reduced end 58 which extends within a slot 59 provided in the spindle 12.

The sleeve 55 extends upwardly above the flange 57 and is provided with a threaded projection 60 which is engaged by an adjustable nut 61 which is enclosed within a ratchet sleeve 62. The ratchet sleeve 62 is axially slidable on the nut 61 and is held from rotation thereon by pins 63 which are slidable in the nut 61 longitudinally of the axis of the tool. An annular ring 69 is mounted in fixed relation to the upper inner periphery of the sleeve 62 having three holes therein in which the pins 63 are secured. The pins extend into recesses in the nut 61 in which a spring is provided for biasing the pins and therefore the sleeve 62 upwardly on the nut. The pins permit the longitudinal movement of the sleeve relative to the nut and prevent rotation relative to each other.

The upper end of the sleeve 62 is provided with serrations 64, which engage the oppositely disposed serrations 65 on a cam supporting collar 66 mounted slidable on the spindle 12. A

bearing washer 67 is provided between the nut 61 and the collar 66 to reduce the friction thereupper end of thespindle 12, below the collar 15,

and is provided with a recess opposite to a recess in the collar 66 in which a pin 71 is provided for the purpose of permitting relative longitudinal movement between the collars 66 and 70 while preventing their rotation relative to each other. Washers 72 are provided on the pin 71 as shown in Figs. 1 and 3 for the purpose of spacing the collars a predetermined distance from each other to relieve the cams of the spring pressure when the cams have been tripped to release the spring pressure from the honing element. A pair of diametrically opposite slots '74 are disposed in the top portion of the sleeve 66 in which cams '75 are secured for pivotal movethe cams 75 are in honing element released position, as shown in Fig. 2. .In this position, the spring 43 presses the engaged axially movable sleeves 53, 55 and 66 upwardly until the wash-- ers 72 abut against the collar 70. Adjacent to the surfaces 77 and at a greater distance from the pins, cam surfaces 78 are provided which engage the collar 70 when the cams are tilted up-' wardly to the position shown in Fig. 6. In this position ,the sleeves 66, 55 and 53 have been moved downwardly against the pin 44 to compress the spring 43 and the spring 49, the latter of 'which expands the abrading members during the honing operation.

For determining the amount of expansion or downward movement of the plunger relative to the collar '70, the sleeve 62 is turned a predetermined number of serrations to screw the nut 61 Thetion and prevent their collapse whichmight otherwise occur because of the rapid rotation of 1,944,662 the honing tool. The surfaces 78 are substantially fiat and engage the under side of the collar directly above the pins 76 to effect a toggle engagement for locking the tool in hone element expanded position. The pins 82 assist in retaining the cams in toggle position as pointed out above.

The operation of my honing tool will now be explained, starting from a position illustrated in Fig. 2, wherein the nut 61 is shown as having been screwed downwardly to its lowermost position on the sleeve 55, in which position the sleeves 55 and 53 have moved upwardly, to their uppermost position, with the pin 44 engaging the top of the slots 43 and 46. In this position the cone 41 has been withdrawn from contact with the projections on the holders 27 and the honing elements 28 have been withdrawn by the springs 34 and 38 to their innermost retracted position.

To adjust the honing tool relative to a cylinder to be machined the cams 75 are actuated into toggle position to move the sleeve 53 and, therefore, the cone 41, downwardly, to force the honing elements 28 outwardly toward the inner surface of the cylinder.- The sleeve 62 is then turned to screw the nut 61 upwardly on the thread which forces the sleeve 53 downwardly to further expand the honing elements 28 until they are seated firmly against the side of the cylinder wall. The cams 75 are then released and the sleeve 62 is again rotated a predetermined number of notches which corresponds to the amount of material to be cut from the cylinder wall.

When the honing tool is lowered further into the cylinder the cams are again actuated to force the sleeve 53 downwardly. The additional downward movement of the sleeve, effected by the last adjustment, is taken up by the movement of the pin 44 in the slot 46, which movement carries the plug 48 along therewith to bias the spring 49. This relative movement of the pin 44 in the slot 46 corresponds to the number of serrations passed over by the sleeve 62 to effect a predetermined amount of honing of the cylinder wall, which occurs as the spring 49 forces the plunger 42 downwardly as the honing elements 28 move outwardly during the honing of the cylindrical wall.

When the plunger is moved downwardly until the upper end of the slot 46 engages the top of the pin 44, the honing elements 28 will no longer be biased outwardly and substantially no cutting of the cylinder wall will occur thereafter. In this manner the slot 46 prevents more than a predetermined amount of material from being honed from the cylindrical surface.

When my honing tool has been adjusted in a cylinder, it is moved upwardly and downwardly therein, a. predetermined number of times, while being rotated by a suitable actuating mechanism. The movement of the tool should be such as to prevent the honing elements from extending beyond one third of their length from the bottom or top of the cylinder.

For effecting the automatic operation of my honing tool, in which the honing elements are automatically expanded as soon as they enter the bore of the cylinder and are collapsed just before the tool is withdrawn therefrom, a trip plate 85 is provided supported on the machine 18 in adjustable relation thereto. The trip plate 85 is provided with an aperture 86, through which the tool extends, the inner surface of the aperture having sloping faces 87 and 88 which engage the projecting ends of the cams '75.

As the tool is moved axially downward, from the position shown in Fig. 2, the surface 87 engages the outwardly projecting end of the cams '75, as shown in Fig. 6, and causes the cams to rotate to expand the honing elements. When the tool is moved upwardly, the surface 88 of the trip plate 85 engages the lower end of the cams 75, and rotates the cams back to their original position in which the honing elements are collapsed as shown in Fig. 2.

The trip plate 85, as pointed out above, is adjustable on the machine 18 so as to be positioned relative to a cylinder 25 to be honed. When so adjusted the honing elements will be in retracted position on first entering the cylinder and will immediately be expanded after the cams 75 have passed through the plate 85. In this arrangement once the honing elements and the trip plate 85 have been set for a predetermined size of cylinder, one cylinder after another may be honed by simply operating the shaft ,17 upwardly and downwardly a predetermined number of times in the cylinders. I

It will thus be seen that I have provided a honing tool which is full automatic in operation, being as simple to operate, once the tool is set relative to a plurality of similar cylinders to be honed, as the operation of a drill press. I provide a plurality of cams which move to toggle position when engaged by a trip plate to cause the honing elements to be expanded against the side of the cylinder wall.

By turning an adjusting nut a predetermined number of notches a bias is provided to the expanding plunger of my tool, which is permitted to move only a predetermined distance in accordance to the number of notches which the adjusting nut has been turned. In this manner, after the honing elements have moved outwardly this predetermined distance, substantially no more honing of the cylinder wall will occur and once the hone is set to a predetermined diameter a plurality of walls may be machined without further adjustment except for the wear on the abrading elements. low the universal joint of the spindle in such manner as to have its actuating member tilt therewith in all directions, the joint is freely movable to adjust the honing elements relative to the cylinder wall.

While I have described and illustrated but a single embodiment of my invention, it will be apparent to anyone skilled in the art that many changes, omissions, additions and substitutions may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention as set forth in the accompanying claims.

I claim:

1. A honing tool as a separate device from a machine which effects its reciprocation and rota- Tl tion including, in combination, means for supporting expansible abrading elements, a projecting trip lever mounted on the spindle for retaining the elements in expanded position when By providing the spring bemoved to locked position and means in the moved to toggle position and means in the vicinity of said supporting means for tripping the levers at a predetermined position of the tool for eifecting the collapse of the elements.

3. In a honing tool as a separate device from a machine which eifects its reciprocation and rotation, means for supporting expansible abrading elements, means mounted on the tool for expanding the elements when moved to releasable set position, and a member in the vicinity of said supporting means so as to be engageable by said means for moving said means from set position when the tool is moved to a predetermined position.

4. A cylinder honing tool as a separate device from a machine which effects its reciprocation and rotation, including, in combination, means for supporting expansible abrading elements, actuable means on the tool for expanding said elements, and means in the vicinity of said supporting means for engaging said actuable means at a predetermined position of the tool to cause the collapse of said elements as the tool moves out of the cylinder, and to expand said elements as the tool moves into said cylinder.

5. A honing tool including in combination, a spindle supporting expansible abrading elements, a collar associated with the spindle for controlling the position of the elements, means on said collar releasably held in one position for retaining the elements expanded and a member engageable with said means at a predetermined position in the longitudinal movement of the tool for moving said means to said one position as the tool is moved downwardly and for moving said means away from said position as the tool is moved upwardly above said predetermined position.

6. A honing tool including in combination, a spindle supporting expansible abrading elements, a collar associated with the spindle for controlling the position of the elements, trip levers on said collar releasably held in one position for retaining the elements expanded and a member engageable with said trip levers at a predetermined position in the longitudinal movement of the tool for moving said levers to said one position as the tool is moved downwardly and for moving said levers away from said position as the tool is moved upwardly above said predetermined position.

7. A honing tool including in combination, a spindle supporting expansible abrading elements, a collar associated with the spindle for controlling the-position of the elements,'means on said collar releasably held in one position for retaining the elements expanded a member engageable with said means at a predetermined position in the longitudinal movement of the tool for moving said means to said one position as the tool is moved downwardly and for'moving said levers away from said position as the tool is moved upwardly above said predetermined position and means for adjusting the amount of expansion of the elements.

8. A honing tool including in combination, a plurality of expansible elements, a supporting member therefor, a universal connection in the body of said member, means for actuating said elements laterally of said member, adjustable means for regulating the length of said actuating means and means movable to set position for moving and retaining said actuating means relative to said supporting member.

9. In a cylinder honing tool, a supporting member having longitudinally extending peripheral slots, abrading elements recessed therein, spring fingers supported on said member for pressing the upper ends of the elements into the slots, and resilient means encircling the lower ends of the elements.

10. The combination with a plurality of abrading elements for a honing tool having fingers extending from each end thereof, of a hollow cylindrical supporting member therefor having slots in which said elements are recessed, said member having recesses in the body portion thereof in continuation ofsaid slots and springs supported in said slots for engaging said fingers.

11. The combination with a plurality of abrading elements for a honing tool having fingers extending from each end thereof, of a hollow cylindrical supporting member therefor having slots in which said elements are recessed, said member having recesses in the body portion thereof in continuation of the upper portion of said slots, springs supported in said slots for engaging the upwardly extending fingers and a spring encompassing the downwardly extending fingers for retaining said elements in said recesses.

12. The combination with two springs of a cylinder honing tool having radially movable abrading elements, of means for biasing one of said springs to effect the expansion of said elements to the diameter of the cylinder and indexing means for applying a bias to said second spring for effecting the machining of said cylinder to a predetermined depth.

13. In a honing tool, a spindle supporting expansible abrading elements, indexing means for adjusting the amount of expansion of said elements including a longitudinally biased sleeve provided with serrations, a member on said spindle, means adjustable by said sleeve relative to said member for controlling the degree of expansion of said abrading element, said member being provided with cooperating serrations for indexing the movement of said sleeve.

14. A cylinder honing tool as a separate device from a machine which effects its reciprocation and. rotation, including, in combination, means for supporting expansible abrading stones, an element in the vicinity of said means having a cylindrical aperture through which the tool extends, fingers on the tool engageable by said element for eifecting the movement of said stones to collapsed position before the tool leaves the cylinder, and for producing the expansion of the tool after the tool has been disposed in said cylinder.

15. A cylinder honing tool as a separate device from a machine which effects its reciprocation and rotation including. in combination, means for supporting expansible abrading stones, an element in the vicinity of said means having a cylindrical'aperture through which the tool extends, engageable means on the tool which collapses and expands the 'abrading stones. said means being engageable by the wall of said cylindrical aperture before the complete withdrawal of the tool from a cylinder which was honed, to produce the collapse of the abrading stones, and s for eifecting the expansion of the abrading stone after the engageable means passes below the wall of said cylindrical aperture.

FRED M. KERN. 

